godot-gdscript Checked

Write idiomatic GDScript for Godot 4.7: static typing, the node lifecycle (_ready/_process/_physics_process), @export/@onready/@tool annotations, signals, and await for asynchronous flow. Use when editing .gd scripts in a Godot project (project.godot), writing or debugging GDScript, or porting 3.x GDScript to 4.x (function signatures, yield to await, export to @export).

Godot GDScript (4.x)

Write correct, statically typed GDScript and use the node lifecycle and signal

system the way the engine intends. Targets **Godot 4.7** (GDScript 2.0).

Write idiomatic GDScript for Godot 4.7: static typing, the node lifecycle (_ready/_process/_physics_process), @export/@onready/@tool annotations, signals, and await for asynchronous flow. Use when editing .gd scripts in a Godot project (project.godot), writing or debugging GDScript, or porting 3.x GDScript to 4.x (function signatures, yield to await, export to @export).

Godot GDScript (4.x)

Write correct, statically typed GDScript and use the node lifecycle and signal

system the way the engine intends. Targets **Godot 4.7** (GDScript 2.0).

When to use

• Use when writing or fixing .gd files: declaring variables, functions, classes,

using @export/@onready, connecting signals, or awaiting coroutines/signals.

• Use when porting Godot 3.x scripts to 4.x and the script no longer parses.

**When *not* to use:** scene/node structure and instancing questions →

godot-nodes-scenes; signal *architecture*/decoupling patterns →

godot-signals-groups; using C# instead of GDScript → godot-csharp.

Core workflow

1. **Type everything you can.** GDScript 2.0 supports static types

(var hp: int = 10, func add(a: int, b: int) -> int:). Types catch errors at

parse time and speed up the VM. Use := for inferred types.

2. **Use the lifecycle callbacks for their purpose:** _ready() once when the node

and its children enter the tree; _process(delta) every rendered frame;

_physics_process(delta) on the fixed physics tick (use it for movement/physics).

3. **Grab node references with @onready**, not in _init() — children do not exist

until the node enters the tree.

4. **Expose tunables with @export** so designers edit them in the Inspector.

5. **React to events with signals + await**, not polling, where it reads cleanly.

6. **Run and read errors.** The Debugger panel prints typed errors with line numbers;

fix the first error first (later ones are often cascades).

Patterns

### 1. A typed script with lifecycle, @export, and @onready

extends Node2D
class_name Spinner            # registers a global type usable in other scripts

@export var speed: float = 90.0          # editable in the Inspector (degrees/sec)
@export_range(0, 10, 0.5) var wobble := 2.0
@onready var sprite: Sprite2D = $Sprite2D # resolved when the node enters the tree

func _ready() -> void:
    # Runs once, after children are ready. Safe to touch $Sprite2D here.
    sprite.modulate = Color.AQUA

func _process(delta: float) -> void:
    # delta is seconds since last frame; multiply rates by it for FPS independence.
    rotation_degrees += speed * delta

### 2. Signals: declare, emit, connect (4.x Callable syntax)

extends Node

signal health_changed(current: int, maximum: int)   # typed signal params

var health := 100

func take_damage(amount: int) -> void:
    health = max(health - amount, 0)
    health_changed.emit(health, 100)     # 4.x: emit as a method on the signal